Passions — a blog

Garden Bark

Lichens on Flowering Cherry bark

There’s still not a lot blooming, neither native nor cultivated, so I’ll continue on the theme of bark. It’s something I tend to notice more in the winter than the summer, although none of these photos are truly winter images.

The detail of peeling flowering cherry bark with a nice collection of lichens was growing along Azalea Way at the Washington Park Arboretum in Seattle. I don’t know the variety of cherry, nor the names of the lichens. Several of the trees and shrubs harbor lichens and mosses. They thrive in our wet winters.

River Birch peeling barkSome of the most interesting bark peels dramatically, like this river birch (Betula nigra) growing in the garden at Oklahoma State University in Oklahoma City.

River birch is native to most of the eastern United States, including Oklahoma. It thrives in wet habitats in the wild, but in cultivation will tolerate drier conditions. I’ve read at least one report that Native Americans boiled the sap into a syrup, similar to maple syrup, and on occasion used the inner bark as an emergency survival food. I’ve never tried either, and have some difficulty imagining eating bark. But I’ve never been that hungry.

Many of our birches have interesting bark. Probably one of the most recognizable North American trees is paper birch (Betula papyrifera), known in most of its range for bright white bark that peels in horizontal strips. It is native all across the northern United States and almost all of Canada. West of the Cascades where I live you often find it with darker, less dramatic bark that makes it more difficult to recognize.

Tasmanian SnowgumTrees with interesting bark aren’t just limited to North American natives. This Tasmanian Snowgum (Eucalyptus coccifera), was planted as a dramatic ornamental in the alpine garden at the University of British Columbia Botanical Garden.

I photographed the snowgum in color, and this photo has appeared in print in its original form. This version was converted to black and white in Adobe Lightroom, which gives all the control over black and white that a film photographer had with a complete set of filters. Actually, Lightroom gives even more control than we had with filters and film because one can adjust each of the additive and subtractive primary colors individually. Thus, I could render the blue sky dark like a polarizer would, darken the green foliage, and brighten all the reds and yellows.

Photography is a combination of art and craft, creative decisions and science. It helps to know a little of each. The craft and science are the underpinnings that allow creative realization. The best ideas have little value if they can’t be rendered into a sharable form.

Winter Bark

Japanese Crape Myrtle trunk

Bark is cool. In the middle of winter maybe that’s all you’re going to find that’s interesting in the garden or out in the forest. Look closely. Enjoy the texture. Marvel at the colors. Maybe not quite psychedelic but often far out just the same. OK, maybe I’m showing my age here.

The tree above is the biggest Crape Myrtle I’ve ever seen. It’s a Lagerstroemia fauriei, photographed in late September at the J C Raulston Arboretum in Raleigh, North Carolina. You can see more from this garden, and several other North Carolina gardens at NC Gardens on my website.

Madrona barkHere in the Northwest one of my favorite trees for winter bark is the Madrona, sometimes called Madrone, or Arbutus menziesii. This one was photographed on a rainy day on Pass Island at Deception Pass State Park in early March. The soft light and the rain really enhance the color of the bark and the wood where it’s peeled away.

In our area Madronas only grow on rather dry sites, generally quite close to salt water but above the splash zone. They’re often on rocky bluffs where the soil is thin and well drained. Their roots find cracks where they can get enough moisture during the dry summer months. They’re broadleaf evergreens, but never seem to have a lot of foliage. In the spring they’ll have pendant bunches of white bell-shaped flowers, like their Heather relatives, and clusters of orange berries later on. But it’s in the winter that I like them the best.

Farther south Madronas grow farther inland and can be substantial trees. I photographed one several years ago around Medford that had a trunk at least 18-24 inches in diameter.

Just because the weather is wet and overcast is no reason to put your camera away. Of course, you want to keep it from getting too wet, but an ordinary plastic grocery bag will do the job in a pinch. Or keep you camera covered until you find the right shot and just pull it out to shoot. I try not to change lenses in the rain, especially with digital SLRs, but you could always ask your best friend to hold their umbrella over your camera for you.

Garden Power

Beet Power

Happy New Year! Take power from the mighty beet, symbol of the new agrarian world order.

We dug beets from our garden for both Christmas dinner and a treat to share at a New Year’s party last night. The recipe combines fresh beets, pineapple, a bit of chopped onion and celery with wine vinegar and olive oil. Stir together and chill overnight for a tasty salad. At last night’s party some of us discussed whether the neighborhood-grown beets balanced the Hawaiian pineapple for locavore status. What do you think?

Dawn ViburnumThis being the mild Pacific Northwest we gardeners sometimes joke that spring begins on New Year’s Day. We try to have something blooming in our garden year-around and today is no exception. What’s blooming in your garden today?

Our Dawn Viburnum, Viburnum bodnatense, has been blooming since about Thanksgiving and will continue for at least another month. I like the pale pink hue of the blossoms. When the weather turns really cold, like under 20°F then the blossoms freeze and turn black. When it warms up again then fresh buds open and we’re back in the pink. It’s fragrant, but not overpowering.

Today is very windy so the fragrance flew up the street pretty fast, but I stuck my nose in the blossoms to enjoy the scent.

Hellebore budWe’ve got a nice patch of Hellebores growing under the Dawn Viburnum. They haven’t started blooming yet, but the flower buds are swelling. Depending on how warm January turns out to be, they could be starting to open before the month is over.

We have three big clumps of these dark red hybrids, an unnamed cultivar of Helleborus x hybridus that we picked up from a plant sale down in Seattle a few years ago as a single stem. They’re obviously happy in our fairly sunny front bed and may need to be divided again this year or next.

Most of the parentage of these hybrid Hellebores is Helleborus orientalis, the Lenten Rose. The common name reflects their habit of being in bloom for Lent. The flowers look a bit like single roses, but they’re actually members of the Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family.

Corsican Hellebore foliageOver on the other side of our front yard garden, nestled close by the Korean Fir that serves as our Christmas tree, is a big clump of Corsican Hellebores, Helleborus argutifolius.

These are big plants with stout foliage that stays strong and green all winter long. I really like the leathery foliage with its spiky edges which almost looks otherworldly. Before long these flower buds will be opening, revealing soft pale green blossoms that will look good for several months in our garden.

Pretty much any kind of Hellebore is happy growing in Northwest gardens. We don’t have as many as some gardeners, just enough to enjoy having a few around. I’ve known gardeners to get obsessed over every sort of coloration, petal doubling, picotee edges and other details. There are worse obsessions.

Sherwood's Early Red HeatherWe have several varieties of Heather scattered around our garden. This one I think is ‘Sherwood’s Early Red.’ Like many other plants we started with just a little start years ago and have divided it as it grew. Now we have it several places in the garden and have shared pieces with Natalie’s mother for her garden, too.

The heather has just started blooming, but like many of the other winter-blooming flowers it has a very long season and will be in bloom until March if not later. On warmer and less windy days the bees will find the blossoms.

All of these photos today were made with my little Canon S70 pocket camera. For most of them I used the close-up mode, setting the lens at its widest zoom and moving in very close. I’ve found that extreme close-ups work a lot better that way than zooming in and trying to focus close. The camera just won’t do it. Focusing on the Viburnum blossoms was a big challenge as the camera wanted to make the house in the background sharp and ignore the flowers. I had to try several times to get what I wanted. I held onto the stem the flowers were on so that they didn’t blow around while trying to focus. The light is from the very soft gray sky, using the cloudy white balance setting. There’s been a little processing of the raw files in Lightroom to finish them.

Children’s Visits With Santa

Earlier this month we photographed about 185 kids and groups of kids sharing their Christmas wishes with Santa at Bellingham’s Holiday Port Festival. We were there with Santa for four hours each of three days and had a good time with all the kids. Most were real excited to see Santa, but there were a few two-year olds that freaked out when they approached the kindly old man in the red suit.

We’ll be back at the Holiday Port Festival again in 2010. In the meantime I hope you enjoy this 3-minute video of some of our favorite photos from this year.

You might also enjoy the interview with Santa from earlier this month.

Interview with Santa

Santa ClausSanta Claus took a little time out of his busy schedule to come into the studio for a fresh portrait a little while back. While he and Mrs. Claus were in, we talked a bit about some of the questions that children frequently ask him. He was gracious to share his answers.

Q: What does Santa do when a house does not have a chimney or there is a fire burning in the fire place?
SC: I use a little magic and make one!

Q: Does Rudolph always lead the sleigh?
SC: Yes! His nose is bright and can light up any sky!

Q: How do the reindeer fly?
SC: Magic reindeer feed!

Q: Why can’t I ever see Santa or his elves?
SC: The elves are very magical and fast! If you’re very good, you might catch a glimpse of an elf!

Q: How do I become an elf?
SC: Stay in school, get good grades and then – who knows!

Q: How does Santa’s sleigh make it around the world in one day?
SC: A little hard work and planning, a touch of magic and the reindeer of course!

Q: How does Santa know whether I have been naughty or nice?
SC: I get a fax every morning!

Q: What kind of snack does Santa like left out for him?
SC: Cookies! Chocolate chip are a favorite, but I will try anything left out! The reindeer like carrots and sugar beets the best!

Q: How many reindeer are in the North Pole?
SC: Lots & lots! Santa has way too many to count!

Q: What are the names of Santa’s reindeer?
SC: Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Donner, Blitzen, and of course Rudolph. There are many more Chet, Bailey, Dibbz, Baxter, but not enough time to list them all.

Santa & Mrs. Claus

Q: What do Santa and Mrs. Claus do during the spring and summer?
SC: I like to take Mrs. Claus out and see the world and spend a week in the sun! Just one week though, lots of toys to make!

Q: Why doesn’t Santa always bring me what I asked for?
SC: Thanks to the elves, I know what you ask for, but I also know your parents and use their judgment, what you have room for and take all that into consideration. You may not have room for the pony you asked for, or I didn’t see the latest best RC cars guide to bring you that special toy car you wanted – but that doesn’t mean I won’t next year!

Q: Why does Santa Claus climb down the chimney?
SC: It would be better than falling!

Q: Why don’t you come every day of the year?
SC: It takes a whole year to get ready for the next Christmas!

Q: Do you have a red-nosed reindeer?
SC: Yes, Rudolph!

Q: Is there a real Rudolph?
SC: Yes!

Q: How many cookies do you eat?
SC: Lots & lots! Way to many to count!

Q: How many kids do you deliver to?
SC: Billions! Big kids, little kids, all kids!

Q: Has Santa ever missed a year?
SC: No! Never missed a Christmas yet! There a lots of practice and planning that go into Christmas eve to make sure nothing goes wrong!

Q: Do you get the flu?
SC: I did once, June of 1956 I think. Mrs. Claus keeps me very healthy and makes me and all the elves get flu shots!

Santa & Mrs. ClausQ: Do you really live at the North Pole? I thought it was all ice up there and dark all winter long.
SC: Yes, but I do take vacations. The place is always decorated with plenty of festive lights, and Mrs. Claus’s cheerful face always keeps me in high spirits, and her cookies!

Q: Why does Santa Claus give toys to children?
SC:I give toys to all good boys & girls! I enjoy putting smiles on their faces!

Q: Why does Santa Claus wear red?
SC: Mrs. Claus made the suit the very first day I started delivering toys and red is a very cheerful color and I stand out from the other grownups!

Q: Why doesn’t Santa grow old and die like other people?
SC: I was once a mortal man, but because of all my kindness to all the good boys & girls, I was given the gift of immortality or Christmas spirit to continue my work every Christmas eve!

Q: How do you remember who wants what?
SC: An in-dash computer system with speech to let me know what house to get to next and the list of goodies to be left under the tree!

Q: Does Santa’s sleigh have air-bags, navigation or in-sleigh stereo?
SC: No need for air bags, the reindeer are very skilled in landings! Navigation has been computerized in the last few years to help plot a faster route to all the houses! And yes, a stereo is a must! Christmas carols are the preferred choice!

Q: Can children from the Muslim, Buddhist, Jewish, or other faiths be visited by Santa?
SC: I’m known in many cultures by many different names, so yes children all over the world will be visited by me!

So there you have it, straight from Santa himself. He’ll be at Bellingham’s Holiday Port Festival next weekend to listen to children’s wishes and pose for photos with them. Hours are 4-8 pm Friday, December 4; 1-5 pm Saturday, December 5; and 1-4:30 pm Sunday, December 6. Look for Santa just inside the Bellingham Cruise Terminal.

I’ll be there too, photographing the kids with Santa. Photo packages begin at just $20. While you’re there, enjoy the holiday music and check out all the gingerbread houses entered in this year’s contest.

Senior Portrait: Chris

Chris seated on gazebo railing

More than a month ago my gardening friend Dawn called and asked me to photograph her son’s senior portrait. We talked about locations and decided that their extensive property in southern Skagit County would be a good place. Chris is an outdoors guy, an athlete, and a pianist. As is often the case with active high school seniors, finding a time that fit his schedule was a challenge. We ended up with an October Sunday morning session under cloudy skies.

Chris in the apple treeIt was actually raining when I arrived, so we started with a few interior shots with Chris at the piano. He wasn’t too keen on those, but we wanted to make mom happy. When the rain stopped we moved outside and began working our way around the garden.

We shot under the grape arbor, among the structural ornamental grasses, and around a contemporary sculpture. We did standing and seated poses and tried kneeling but Chris had a football injury from Saturday’s game and it hurt to kneel. Painful grimaces don’t make good portraits.

This portrait is in the apple orchard. At first I had Chris leaning on the tree, and looking through the crotch of the V-shaped trunk. Then I asked Chris if he had any other ideas and he immediately climbed up in the tree. He’s pretty tall, so fitting him into the tree was almost a challenge. I guessed that he’d been climbing the tree since he was little.

Chris had an easy smile and we had a good time working together to create a wide range of poses in locations throughout the property. I knew the family would probably only purchase one portrait at the end, but I like to provide many concepts to choose from.

Chris in the woodsThis portrait of Chris at the edge of the woods is the one everyone ultimately liked the best and ordered as a small wall portrait. He looks relaxed and comfortable, and the golden yellow autumn foliage contrasts nicely with the blue sweater and jeans.

The overcast sky served as a giant softbox. I added a single off-camera flash as fill and to give a little dimension to the light in this portrait and in many of the others I made that morning. I shot with the Canon 1Ds Mk II, a 24-105 and a 70-200 lens. The fall color in the garden and the adjacent woods made a nice setting.

All in all, we worked for a couple of hours. When Chris and his folks came in for their viewing and purchase session earlier this week (they were out of the country in between) there were many portraits that they liked a lot. I showed more choices than I often do, but they were pretty quick to make decisions as I projected the portraits. Finished portraits will be back from the lab after Thanksgiving and will look great in their home.

Here’s a video with more of the session:

If you like what you see and would like to explore having me create your senior portraits when the days get a little longer and the weather more dependable please send an e-mail or pick up the phone and call. You can use the Contact page on the menu at the left, too.

Whatcom Creek Restoration

Whatcom Creek Restoration

A little over ten years ago this stretch of Whatcom Creek through Bellingham burned when gasoline spilled from the Olympic Pipeline in Whatcom Falls Park a couple of miles upstream. It was a major tragedy in which three young people died and beautiful shady woodland habitat along the creek was destroyed. But this section of creek didn’t have much going for it at that time. It was channelized with rock riprap and a weedy field of fill dirt came up to the edge of the blackberry-choked creek.

In 2008 Bellingham initiated a major stream improvement project here and constructed a new trail along the south side of the creek. Designed to reduce flooding on nearby Iowa Street and provide backwater spawning habitat for salmon, 30,000 cubic yards of fill dirt were removed. The slope was graded, native trees and shrubs were planted, and snags were pounded into the ground.

Today, a group of us from the Koma Kulshan chapter of the Washington Native Plant Society toured the area to see the results of the restoration as well as an older planting upstream.

Vikki teaching about wetlandsVikki Jackson was our tour leader. She’s seen here explaining about an older man-made wetland pond constructed several years ago to provide wildlife habitat.

We looked at what species had been planted and discussed the engineering that went into the new wetlands and spawning channels along the creek. The water was running high from our November storms, so we could easily see how engineered log jams were diverting some of the stream flow into the side channels and away from the businesses along Iowa Street on the north bank. Most of the plantings were shrubs like ninebark, red-osier dogwood, hardhack, and snowberry, with some salal and kinnickinick closer to the trail. There were a few maples and a fair number of conifers like Douglas-fir and western red cedar. What we found striking in their absence were red alders and black cottonwoods. Both are early successional trees and alders in particular improve the soil by adding nitrogen.

Overall, we were impressed with the work at Red Tail Reach and look forward to watching what grows, what dies, and how the environment changes in the coming years.

Lyle inspect spruce

Upstream of the Fraser Street connector trail the restoration has been in place for about nine years. The shrub layer is maturing nicely and the conifers are about 15 feet tall. We mostly agreed that jump starting the mature conifer forest along the creek was a good plan here. There is no nearby seed source, so it would have taken a long time for any Douglas-firs or cedars to get started. Not all the original trees along the creek had burned and we saw a couple of clumps of large cottonwoods.

Among the trees planted were Sitka spruces and some of them had these clumps of brown foliage that Lyle is examining in the photo above. Is this damage from Spruce Needle Miner, Endothenia albolineana, or something else? Whatever caused the damage seemed to only attack new foliage. Here’s a detail:

Damaged Sitka Spruce needles

I’m certainly not an expert in plant diseases nor insect damage. There are aphids that feed on spruces as well as some fungal diseases, but results of my limited Google search suggested that neither of these were the likely culprit because they mostly attack older foliage and this damage appears to be limited to new needles.

After I originally posted this a friend e-mailed that the brown cone-like lump is most likely a Cooley Spruce Gall, produced by Cooley spruce gall adelgids, Adelges cooleyi. The galls are unsightly on spruces, but apparently do little long-term damage to the trees. The aldegids have a complex life cycle which includes Douglas-fir as an alternate host. See Cooley Spruce Galls from Colorado State University Extension for more info.

Beach Strawberry

Our outing included spying a few flowers in bloom, mostly non-native weeds. But this little beach strawberry, Fragaria chiloensis was blooming at the base of a south-facing rock protecting a storm sewer outlet channel from erosion. It was struggling to compete with invasive Himalayan blackberries that you can see around the strawberry.

Today’s photos were all made with my pocket camera, a Canon S70.

We’ve had three weeks of heavy rain, high winds, and generally typical November weather. Does the sighting of the first strawberry blooming mean that spring has arrived? You be the judge, but I’m hopeful.

Monochrome Memories

Basalt Garden Monochrome

Do you dream in color or shades of brown? How do you remember places you’ve visited? Did you grow up with black & white TV and add color in your mind?

Here in western Washington, the monochromatic season is upon us. The contrast is much more dramatic than the seasonal changes in eastern Washington where this photo was made last June. On the dry side of the Cascades the green season is very short, only a month or two, and the brown season lasts the rest of the year. I’ve accentuated it a bit in this image.

While I don’t want to live on the dry side of the mountains, I enjoy spending time over there. The diversity of plant life is greater than in our dense forests. As I understand it, that’s mostly due to the more challenging environment. In this desert environment plants are spread out farther from one another so their extensive root systems can pull up enough water.

The flower blooming here, seen in false color, is Columbia Cutleaf (Hymenopappus filifolius). It’s a composite that grows on the nearly pure sand found along the Columbia River.

The original photo is below.

Basalt Garden

Both versions were processed in Adobe Lightroom from an original shot with a Canon 1Ds Mk II and a 24-105mm lens at 28mm. I can’t remember for sure, but I think I was using a polarizing filter that day to increase the contrast in the sky and cut reflections on the foliage. The location is about a mile or two south of the Vantage I-90 bridge and is one of my favorite places along the river because of the high diversity of plants there in the spring.

Fresh Snow

Mt. Shuksan

What a day! And what a difference a month makes. Compare this photo with the one from October 12.

I was sitting happily captioning photos this morning when I looked out the window and saw that the sky was a stunningly clear blue. I stepped out to the side yard where I can see Mt. Baker and it was clear all the way to the top of the mountain. Much too nice to stay inside so I gathered my gear, made lunch, changed into winter hiking clothes, and headed up Mt. Baker Highway to the end of the road at the Mt. Baker Ski Area. One little glitch along the way. I forgot my wallet at home, realized it when I stopped for gas in Deming, and had to return to Bellingham for it.

Ski Tracks I didn’t get to the ski area parking lot, which was full, until almost 12:30. That was OK since I wanted afternoon light. But it wasn’t OK, because I was racing the clouds that had started to roll in.

I strapped on my snowshoes and headed up toward Artist Point, initially following the groomed ski runs until I got to the top of Blueberry. There I passed the “entering wilderness if you have a problem tough luck” sign as I left the ski area and entered the backcountry. I wasn’t particularly concerned about avalanche danger even though we’d just gotten a ton of fresh soft snow. I continued up to Austin Pass where I stopped to make the photo at the top of the post.

From Austin I climbed up a steep boot and ski track that mostly followed the summertime Wild Goose Trail. It’s the short, steep, and fast way up. The snow was soft and deep so I was glad not to be breaking trail. I made the photo on the right soon after topping out from the steep climb. The ski tracks looked to be from yesterday as they’d started to fill in.

Animal TracksI don’t know just what made these tracks zig zagging across the snow. Could have been a meadow vole or other small rodent that dens under the snow. There were several sets of tracks similar to these in the snow just below Artist Point. I particularly liked this set of tracks because of the way they curved around. What distracted the critter from a straight path?

By this point there were fewer people around since most folks out today were sking or boarding inbounds at the ski area. Just a few hardy soles made the hike for some fresh tracks below Table Mountain. I was sinking nearly to my knees wearing snowshoes. The Artist Point outhouse was buried in snow deeper than the top of the doors. Within a couple of weeks it’s likely to be completely buried as it is every winter. The official snow report was 72 inches on top of Pan Dome and Artist Point is higher so there was probably more snow up there.

Clouds were by now starting to roll in from the south and west. Mt. Baker was obscured and Shuksan was in and out. I had planned to continue out the ridge to Huntoon Point, wanting to photograph Shuksan from my favorite tarn just below the point. But with the thick clouds and no trail through the deep snow I decided Artist Point was a good destination for today.

Mountain HemlockI broke trail the short distance to the overlook toward Swift Creek and Baker Lake. Clouds obscured the lake as well as Mt. Baker, but the snow crusted on the Mountain Hemlocks along the ridge created more accessible drama. I ate my peanut butter sandwich under this tree, admiring the way the wind had blasted the snow into the branches, almost completely hiding the foliage.

I’ve been up to this spot many times over the past 19 years and most of the time on winter visits the trees look much like this. The branches are short and stubby, hanging down to shed some of their snow load. I think this effect is caused by the relatively wet snow we receive in combination with the prevailing southwest wind. We call it the pineapple express, but I don’t think this tortured lollypop of a tree looks anything like a pineapple. A popsicle, maybe.

Hopefully this is just the first of many days I’ll be out playing in the snow this winter.

In case you’re wondering, I shot all of these with my Canon 1Ds Mk II, handheld for a change with the 24-105mm IS lens. The two of the tracks are pretty much straight from the camera, but the view of Shuksan and the Hemlock have been manipulated in Lightroom.

Halloween

Saturday was Halloween and the Downtown Bellingham Association sponsored trick-or-treat at businesses throughout the central business district. I set up on Cornwall Avenue in front of the vacant old Penny’s building and photographed any kid whose adult partner wanted a photo. They’ll get a free 5×7 in the mail later this week. Some folks ordered additional prints, which is a good thing. Hopefully more people will order once they see how great their kids looked. The video shows most of the kids I photographed.

I basically took my studio outside, with a pair of big strobes for light. An umbrella by the camera provided fill and a slightly diffused key light was off to the right. Everything was connected by wire for reliability.

My set was three straw bales, a few pumpkins, and a dark muslin backdrop with a paper moon. I borrowed a tree from Bakerview Nursery to provide a little foliage and framing. It was pretty simple, but worked well and turned out to be flexible when I had much bigger groups than I had originally planned for.

Natalie ran the order table and directed traffic. In the course of the 3 hours we were in operation I photographed 148 kids or groups. That works out to about one a minute. The weather even cooperated — not too cold or windy. There was one short period toward the end when the sun cast strong shadows and I had to scramble to block it, but then it set behind a building and I was back to the shade I expected all afternoon.

There were a fair number of very nice homemade costumes which showed a lot of creativity. That’s what I was hoping for. Most of the kids were having a good time, the exceptions being a few under 2 years old who were just plain tired. That’s the way I felt when I got home, but it was a fun afternoon.